Sure, but I'm pretty tired right now so my writing may be sloppy
First of all, NO, technology would NOT be 1000 years ahead of what it is now if Christianity didn't exist. That's the argument you always hear from hardcore atheists, and it is in fact false and biased.
Christianity, or more specifically, Deism is what created modern science as we know it. Deism basically means that you believe in God, but also that he created the universe as a large machine or clockwork, and not just by snaping his fingers. That the universe is created with logic and laws. This sort of made people want to discover the "secrets" of God's design and pushed science forward.
People usually use Glileo Galilei as an example on how Christianity was "against" science, since he ended up in conflict with the Pope for claiming that the sun is fixed.
People forget the fact that the reason Galilei made his discoveries in the first place was out of love for God:
"I render infinite thanks to God for being so kind as to make me alone the first observer of marvels kept hidden in obscurity for all previous centuries"
And the only reason the Pope got mad at Galilei was because he considered him to be disrespectful and undermined his authority. The church in itself was not completely against the theory. Christianity specifically is very open to science since it's main focus is not to explain the universe (like with Zeus being the cause of thunder or Helios bringing the sun up), it's main focus is in explaining aspects of life etc
Point is, Christianty, philosophy or other religions is historically a main factor behind cultural and scientific advancement. Not the other way around. Of course there will sometimes be those Popes' that insist on the Earth NOT being fixed, but that's more a case of "haters gonna hate"
Lets leave science and go more into the political stuff.
One thing I can think of is:
I believe that the Sasanian Empire (the last Persian empire) would not have fallen if Christianity, and therefore, Islam didn't exist. The arabs all lived separated in different tribes, it was Mohamed that united them through religion and then spread it through force, eventually conquering the Sasanian Empire.
(I don't really understand how Islam can be a religion of love if Mohamed himself spread it with violence. I'm cursious about what a well taught muslim will explain that, but it's off topic)
Byzantine empire is very interesting here aswell, can't know for but maybe they would have moved more into Europe to fill in the gap after the fall of West Rome. Europe would not have had the Chatholic Church to unite the people so maybe the Byzantines would have gained more control there?